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Charakter construction : character within fictional worlds and storyworlds
Staniševská, Aneta ; Zuska, Vlastimil (advisor) ; Dadejík, Ondřej (referee)
The thesis being presented aims to stress the differences between characters in fictional worlds and characters in storyworlds by means of question of possibilities and limits of reader's inferences. The aims of this thesis is to prove that storyworld construed as a mental model manages to avoid some problems that relate to fictional worlds theories. First chapter provides an insight into the issue of definitions and theories of character and places cognitive approaches to character within it. Since a concept of fictional world and a concept of storyworld are often construed as very alike, in the second chapter, there are two opposed opinions concerning reader's activity during a construction of fictional world; that is theories of Lubomír Doležel and Marie-Laure Ryan. By means of their mutual comparision, the distinctive status of fictional character concerning reader's inferences is being emphasized that further bears a decisive role within theory of Umberto Eco of which a core is presented in chapter three. The link between story comprehension and construction of fictional character is a centre of interest of chapter four, where cognitive approaches are represented by theories by Alan Palmer and David Herman. This chapter presents storyworld and character within it as open and fluid flexible....
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Charakter construction : character within fictional worlds and storyworlds
Staniševská, Aneta ; Zuska, Vlastimil (advisor) ; Dadejík, Ondřej (referee)
The thesis being presented aims to stress the differences between characters in fictional worlds and characters in storyworlds by means of question of possibilities and limits of reader's inferences. The aims of this thesis is to prove that storyworld construed as a mental model manages to avoid some problems that relate to fictional worlds theories. First chapter provides an insight into the issue of definitions and theories of character and places cognitive approaches to character within it. Since a concept of fictional world and a concept of storyworld are often construed as very alike, in the second chapter, there are two opposed opinions concerning reader's activity during a construction of fictional world; that is theories of Lubomír Doležel and Marie-Laure Ryan. By means of their mutual comparision, the distinctive status of fictional character concerning reader's inferences is being emphasized that further bears a decisive role within theory of Umberto Eco of which a core is presented in chapter three. The link between story comprehension and construction of fictional character is a centre of interest of chapter four, where cognitive approaches are represented by theories by Alan Palmer and David Herman. This chapter presents storyworld and character within it as open and fluid flexible....
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Inferences in text understanding
Honková, Tereza ; Nebeská, Iva (advisor) ; Saicová Římalová, Lucie (referee)
The thesis deals with inferences and their function in text understanding. The theoretical part involve a survey of various definitions of inference, a setting of notions which are related to inferences and at last classification of inferences based on linguistic and psychological literature. The empirical part is based on analysis of cook recipes (and technical instruction partially). We have set five means of language which indicate a necessity of making inference (pronouns, ellipsis, hyponyms-hypernyms relation, pronoun vše and adjectivizated participles) - in all cases these inferences are necessary for comprehension. We confronted these inferences with classification described in the theoretical part. Another inferences we make as the text is read are infereces which are not associated with a concrete means of language: bridging inferences and instrumental inferences. Knowledge of the language, general knowledges and experiences take part in inferencing.
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Application of system dynamics in the management of medical facilities
Kastner, Pavel ; Mildeová, Stanislava (advisor) ; Palivoda, Michal (referee)
At the present time, characterised by increasing complexity of not just socio-economics systems, decision-making in positions of executive management is becoming increasingly difficult. Although more and more attention is dedicated to use of information and communication technologies in corporate sector and organizations collect unprecedented amount of very detailed data from all areas, their real nature is often not considered. Data, information and knowledge, through which we can achieve real understanding of causes of the observed systems behaviour, are necessary basis for ability for prediction of tomorrow's effects of today's decisions. This thesis aims to highlight the essence of data, information and knowledge in organization and the necessity of systemic perception for creating efficient and effective decisions. The second part of this thesis presents design of system-dynamic model (including user interface), which explains the mechanisms of health care volume accounting in medical facilities with more departments. The model should facilitate understanding of functioning of hospitals by the public, and respect of general nature of medical facilities functioning to create a base for robust model-oriented decision support system for the management.
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Language and information: Meaning in the Computer Era
Valeš, Miroslav ; Rosický, Antonín (advisor) ; Sigmund, Tomáš (referee)
One of the most significant human instrument is language. On the one hand it makes communication and coordination with another individuals possible and on the other hand its meaning is crucial just within the scope of one person, whereas it acts as outer reality comprehension and handling instrument. This thesis describes the relation between a man and information that are presented in the form of language. Due to the utilization of the most important topics reaching the Cognitive science, Systems science or for instance philosophy, it forms compact framework appropriate for setting more exercisable point of view. Thus the thesis content itself contains topics primarily fundamental to the personal meaning and concretely it reflects essential ideas on the topic of benefits, application and the human dependence on language. The finale is devoted to the evaluation and the creation of conclusions about more suitable approaches in the context of the current, modern era.
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